When should we see a fertility specialist?
If you are under 35 and have been trying to conceive for 12 months without success, it is time to see a specialist. If you are 35 or older, consult after six months of trying. See a specialist sooner if you have irregular or absent periods, PCOS, endometriosis, two or more miscarriages, past pelvic surgery, or a known concern with your partner's sperm. An early evaluation gives you more options.
Which fertility tests are usually done first?
For women, a first evaluation usually includes an AMH blood test and hormone profile, a pelvic ultrasound to check the ovaries and uterus, and a test such as an HSG to check whether the fallopian tubes are open. For men, a semen analysis is the first step. Your specialist chooses tests based on your age, history, and how long you have been trying.
How is IUI different from IVF?
In IUI, prepared sperm is placed directly into the uterus around ovulation, and fertilisation happens naturally inside the body. In IVF, eggs are collected and fertilised in our laboratory, and an embryo is then transferred to the uterus. IUI is simpler and costs less, but works best when the tubes are open and sperm quality is reasonable. IVF is usually advised for blocked tubes, low sperm counts, lower egg reserve, or after unsuccessful IUI cycles.
Is infertility only a woman's concern?
No. A male factor contributes to about half of couples who have difficulty conceiving, which is why we evaluate both partners from the start. A semen analysis is simple and non-invasive, and many male fertility issues can be treated with medicines, lifestyle changes, or assisted techniques such as ICSI.
How long does one IVF cycle take?
One IVF cycle usually takes 4-6 weeks from the first injection to the pregnancy test. Ovarian stimulation lasts about 10-14 days, egg retrieval follows, and a fresh embryo transfer takes place 3-5 days later. A blood pregnancy test is done about two weeks after transfer. If embryos are frozen for a later transfer, the timeline is longer.
What lifestyle changes can improve fertility?
Aim for a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, and protein, and stay active with moderate exercise. Stop smoking, avoid alcohol, and limit caffeine. Women planning a pregnancy should start folic acid before conceiving. Good sleep and stress management help both partners, and men should avoid prolonged heat around the testes, such as hot tubs or a laptop on the lap.
At what age should I consider egg freezing?
Egg quality and number decline with age, so eggs frozen before 35 give the best chance of a future pregnancy. Freezing later is still possible, but more eggs are usually needed for the same chance of success. A consultation with an AMH test and ultrasound helps you understand your egg reserve and whether egg freezing suits your plans.
